Institutional training grants help prepare undergraduates, predoctoral students and postdoctoral scholars for careers in biomedical and behavioral research. Part 1 of this NIH All About Grants podcast miniseries dives into considerations for developing training grant applications and the review process, and part 2 focuses on post-award monitoring, mentorship, and provides insights for trainees. The discussion focuses on Kirschstein-National Research Service Awards (T32 and T34), but the advice is generally applicable to other training grant programs.